Terrorist Attack In Mumbai History Essay

Terrorist Attack In Mumbai History Essay MUMBAI, India Indian commandos took control of the Taj Mahal Palace Tower, the last nest of terrorist resistance, on Saturday morning, after a lengthy assault that left three terrorists dead and sections of the hotel in flames, the head of the commando unit said in a televised news conference. Soldiers were still combing the hotel, going room to room in search of remaining gunmen, but the siege appeared finally to have ended, J. K. Dutt, director general of the National Security Guard, an elite commando force, said in the news conference at 9 a.m. Firefighters were permitted to begin pouring water over the flames that had burned out of control in the hotels lower floors for as much as an hour while the commandos battled the terrorists. It was the third day of a siege that has shaken India, raised tensions with neighboring Pakistan and prompted questions about the failure of the authorities to anticipate the tragedy or to react swiftly enough as it unfolded. All told, after attackers were cleared from a second hotel and a Jewish center on Friday, more than 150 people had died. Most of the dead were apparently Indian citizens, but at least 22 foreigners were killed. Among the dead reported were a rabbi from Brooklyn and his wife, who ran the Jewish center. The main success for the authorities on Friday came at the second hotel, the Oberoi. The authorities said that two gunmen had been killed and 93 foreigners some of them wearing Air France and Lufthansa uniforms had been rescued, though 30 bodies were found. Survivors offered harrowing accounts of their ordeal, trapped on the upper floors of the high-rise hotel while gunmen prowled below. The National Security Guard said it recovered two AK-47s, a 9-millimeter pistol and some grenades. For the first time, after several veiled accusations that Pakistan was involved, Indian officials specifically linked the attacks to their neighbor and longtime nemesis. Indias foreign minister blamed elements in Pakistan for the attacks , spreading the repercussions of the attacks beyond Indias borders. American intelligence and counterterrorism officials said Friday that there was mounting evidence that a Pakistani militant group Lashkar-e-Taiba, which has long been involved in the conflict with India over the disputed territory of Kashmir was responsible. Indian commandos said the attackers at the hotels were well trained, with one carrying a backpack packed with hundreds of rounds of ammunition, and they seemed to know the buildings layout better than the security forces, indicating a high degree of preparation. Some were seen arriving by boat; others may have been guests at the hotels for days. The leader of a commando unit involved in a gun battle on Thursday morning inside the Taj said during a news conference on Friday that he had seen a dozen dead bodies in one of the rooms. His team found a gunmans backpack, which contained dried fruit, 400 rounds of AK-47 ammunition, four grenades, Indian and American money, and seven credit cards from some of the worlds leading banks, he said. The pack also had a national identity card from the island of Mauritius. The attackers were very, very familiar with the layout of the hotel, said the commander, who disguised his face with a scarf and tinted glasses to hide his identity. He said the militants, who appeared to be under 30 years old, were determined and remorseless. ANALYSIS The terrorist attack on Saturday morning is one of the major activity which has led terrorist most dangerous for our country. A team of terrorist attacked the TAJ HOTEL and killed many innocent visitors. The fight between commandos and terrorist went for two days. India a safe tourist destination: Minister 2010-09-20 14:10:00 New Delhi, Sep 20 (IANS) India is a safe destination and the security of tourists is of utmost importance to the government, Tourism Minister Kumari Selja said here Monday as Britain and Australia issued travel advisories asking their nationals to be vigilant. The advisories came a day after two Taiwanese were injured when a two armed men on a motorcycle opened indiscriminate fire outside the historic Jama Masjid here Sunday. Condemning the attack, Selja said: This attack on tourists shows the desperation of those elements who want to create panic in the society by attacking innocent people. She appealed to the tourists and the tourism fraternity not to panic by such stray incidents as India is a safe destination and safety and security of tourists is utmost concern of the government. Investigating agencies are at work to bring the culprits to book, she said in a statement issued here. The attack on Taiwanese came just two weeks before the Commonwealth Games which start Oct 3. A high alert was issued by the police in the national capital Sunday and security was tightened. The British High Commission here, in its advisory, said: There is a high threat from terrorism throughout India. Terrorists have targeted places in the past which Westerners are known to visit, including public places such as restaurants, hotels, railway stations, markets and places of worship. Australias Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAT) updated its travel advice following Sundays attack, saying there is a high risk of a terrorist attack in New Delhi, ABC.net.au reported. Some 7,000 athletes and delegates from 71 countries and territories are expected for the Oct 3-14 Commonwealth Games, Indias biggest sporting event after the 1982 Asian Games. ANALYSIS Government is taking many steps to reduce terrorism from India.Govt. has increased the security on its boundaries . It is also taking many steps to check over commonwealth games to make it peaceful and fully free of terrorism. Fighting Terrorism in India By Maj. Gen. Kulwant Singh (Retd.) and Dr. David Leffler Terrorism is not an easy problem to solve. India has been fighting terrorism for over half a century. Since independence in 1947, the eastern states have been under the spell of insurgents, abetted by foreign countries. The disputed region of Kashmir is a powder keg, threatening to explode into conventional and possibly nuclear war any day. A viable solution may lie in Indias past-ancient Vedic knowledge that was scientifically validated in the 20th century. Now, in the 21st century, Indias ancient method of preventive defense, a form of defense called invincible, promises to end terrorism and conflict and set an example for the rest of the world. Is India ready to revive its illustrious past? India has fought four major wars over the problem of the disputed POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir). Pakistan is unlikely to be able to win a conventional war against India. For this reason, Pakistan has allegedly resorted to sending terrorists into Kashmir, calling them freedom fighters. This holds true throughout the world: one sides terrorist is another sides freedom fighter. Globally, the impact of terrorism has been increasing since al-Qaeda formed alliances with existing terrorist organizations. The rise of tensions and the looming threat of nuclear war between India and Pakistan has triggered a mass exodus of foreign nationals from India as well as Pakistan. Like many other countries, India has fought terrorism through a dynamic approach, i.e., with weaponry and military personnel. Despite its long-term military experience fighting terrorists, India is still losing the war. Terrorists continue to increase in number. Adding to the fray of foreign-based terrorists, new organizations are emerging, like the Peoples War Group (PWG). The number of such organizations and cadres who have joined them is alarming. Even with fully equipped police and para-military forces, India will not be able to completely control them. Even more alarming, defence experts predict that it is just a matter of time before terrorists attack with weapons of mass destruction which may be handheld and easy to transport and conceal. Tensions between India and Pakistan rise and fall, and frequently, both are poised for war. If war starts, Indias strategy, as announced so far, is for a limited offensive to stop terrorism. The term limited offensive itself is misleading, as it cannot be quantified. Does it imply limiting effort in the employment of forces, the areas of offensive, use of weapon systems and so on? In any case, Indias leaders may want it to be limited, but this cannot dictated to its opponents. In all probability, once war starts, it will not be limited. Can India eliminate terrorism by deploying military forces, as it has for the last 50 years? Again and again, history shows that the answer is no. Terrorism is a human problem. Therefore, it requires a human solution. The underlying cause of terrorism, war, conflict as well as other types of social violence, is accumulated social stress. If the collective social stress driving terrorism could be prevented, such negative problems would cease. Thus, no collective stress-no terrorism, and no war. A silent approach to achieve this prevention ideal is described in the Vedic literature. Heyam duhkham anagatam (Yog-Sutra, 2.16): Avert the danger before it arises. The Yog-Sutra, 2.35 also affirms Tat sannidhau vairatyagah: In the vicinity of Yogic influence-unifying influence, integrating influence, coherent and harmonious influence-conflicting tendencies do not arise. These ancient principles applied in the past, and they apply today. According to Vedic tradition, conflict resulted from ignorance-ignorance of how to prevent the build-up of collective stress. For example, the Ramayana stated that ignorance will have no access within eight miles from [the Yogis hermitage]. The Ramayana also described the ancient city of Ayodhya. Ayodhya means the city none can challenge in warfare. Certainly, Ayodhya relied on the conventional defence technologies of its time. For instance, It was enclosed by strong fortifications and a deep moat, which no enemy, by any expedient whatsoever, could penetrate. Also, Ayodhya abounded in warriors undefeated in battle, fearless and skilled in the use of arms, resembling lions guarding their mountain caves. However, the descriptions of the enlightened, stress-free life of the inhabitants of Ayodhya may indicate that its first line of defense was the citys freedom from collective stress. According to the Ramayana, this low stress level, based on life in harmony with Natural Law, made Ayodhya worthy of its name. Could this ideal of preventive defence again be accomplished in India? Vedic scholar and physicist Maharishi Mahesh Yogi revived the practical components of the silent approach of Invincible Defence Technology-he calls them the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program. These human resource-based technologies need not require or involve religious belief and practices. These meditation techniques have been practiced by members of many faiths worldwide. Extensive scientific research documents the ability of the TM and TM-Sidhi program to dissolve stress on the individual and collective levels. India could use this nourishing and non-destructive Invincible Defence Technology to reduce tensions, thereby preventing conflicting tendencies that drive terrorism ANALYSIS Since independence India is fighting against terrorism . And even it has got many success Mostly regions are well awared of this threat and it is reducing slowly from this world. Within few years it will be free from this threat September 11 attacks From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search 9/11 redirects here. For the date, see September 11 or 9 November. For other uses, see 911 (disambiguation). September 11 attacks . Location New York City; Arlington County, Virginia; and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Date Tuesday, September 11, 2001 8:46 am (2001-09-11T08:46) 10:28 am (2001-09-11T10:29) (UTC-4) Attack type Aircraft hijacking, mass murder, suicide attack, terrorism Death(s) Nearly 3,000 victims and 19 hijackers Injured 6,000+ Belligerent(s) al-Qaeda led by Osama bin Laden[1] (see also Responsibility and Hijackers) The September 11 attacks (often referred to as September 11th or 9/11) were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners.[1][2] The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville in rural Pennsylvania after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington, D.C. There were no survivors from any of the flights. Nearly 3,000 victims and the 19 hijackers died in the attacks.[3] According to the New York State Health Department, 836 responders, including firefighters and police personnel, have died as of June 2009.[3] Among the 2,752 victims who died in the attacks on the World Trade Center were 343 firefighters and 60 police officers from New York City and the Port Authority.[4] 184 people were killed in the attacks on the Pentagon.[5] The overwhelming majority of casualties were civilians, including nationals of over 70 countries.[6] In addition, there was at least one secondary death one person was ruled by a medical examiner to have died from lung disease due to exposure to dust from the World Trade Centers collapse.[7] The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror: it invaded Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, who had harbored al-Qaeda terrorists. The United States also enacted the USA PATRIOT Act. Many other countries also strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded law enforcement powers. Some American stock exchanges stayed closed for the rest of the week following the attack and posted enormous losses upon reopening, especially in the airline and insurance industries. The destruction of billions of dollars worth of office space caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan. The damage to the Pentagon was cleared and repaired within a year, and the Pentagon Memorial was built adjacent to the building. The rebuilding process has started on the World Trade Center site. In 2006, a new office tower was completed on the site of 7 World Trade Center. The new 1 World Trade Center is currently under construction at the site and, at 1,776 ft (541 m) upon completion in 2013, it will become one of the tallest buildings in North America. Three more towers were originally expected to be built between 2007 and 2012 on the site. Ground was broken for the Flight 93 National Memorial on November 8, 2009, and the first phase of construction is expected to be ready for the 10th anniversary of the attacks on September 11, 2011.[8] Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center. The World Trade Center Towers on fire and the collapse of the South Tower ANALYSIS This is one of the major attack of terrorist in the world . After this attack United states has taken major attacks against rerrorist Asia Briefing NÂ °109, 6 September 2010 The Indonesian government could reduce the circulation of illegal firearms by improving procedures for guarding and monitoring police and military armouries, conducting regular audits of gun importers and enforcing controls over the airsoft industry. ANALYSIS Even the foreign countries are also affected by this threat.

Christian Reflection Paper Essay

Christian Tradition course exposed me to the Christian Tradition based on Biblical and church history. The course taught me the differences and similarities of Christian Tradition from other major world religions. I learned about the significance of God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit and the Trinity based on the teachings of the Bible. The course also briefly covered 2,000 years of church history but with emphasis on the impact of the Council of Nicea, Council of Chalcedon, and John and Charles Wesley on Christianity. The professor emphasized the importance of the reformation that sparked a revolution in the church. The course began by distinguishing Christianity from other major world religions both in similarities and differences. Major religions included Judaism, Buddhism, and Taoism just to name a few. All religions are similar in that they believe in a higher power. They have doctrines and teachings about salvation and a code of conduct for living. Christianity is unique in that the people believe in theism. Theism is the belief that God created the world and actively rules over and cares for the world. Christians also believe in deism which is the belief that God is absent in the world that he created but allows his creation to develop with direct interference and no revelation or miracles. Another belief that makes Christianity special is the belief in pantheism. Pantheism is the belief that God and nature is one and the same. All these distinctions make Christianity the most unique religion compared to other major religions. The course emphasized the significance of God. God created the earth, heavens and living creatures of the world. God also created the first people on earth, Adam and Eve who bought sin into the world. God is father to his children or people that believe in him. He is caring, eternal and infinite. He asks us to trust him and ask him for forgiveness when we sin. His forgiving ways are revealed in Genesis 3 when he looks for Adam and Eve after they ate the forbidden apple. He still seeks to have a relationship with them even though they sinned. God â€Å"banished him from the Garden of Eden† (Genesis 3:23) in order to discipline them out of love and for Adam and Eve’s own sake so they can’t eat from the tree of life. We know God through his blessings and good intentions. He wants the best for his  children and does everything out of love. Jesus is God’s son that was sent to earth to be crucified on the cross for the people’s sins. The reason for his birth is because of all the corruption and evil of the people. Jesus is significant in that he is the answer to salvation and entrance to heaven. Jesus is the Messiah and also claims his own coming as the Messiah in the New Testament. The people’s faith in Jesus promises rescue and the key to heaven. Without the death and resurrection of Jesus, the prophecy of the Messiah could not be fulfilled and mans’ destiny would remain a mystery. Jesus refers to himself as â€Å"the light of the world† (John 8:12) because darkness does not lie within him. Jesus is God in human form because Jesus possesses human characteristics in the Bible. Jesus faced temptation, vulnerability and hunger when Satan tried to seduce Jesus to sin in Matthew 4. His significance is observed on Christmas which marks the birth of Jesus of Nazareth in the city of Bethlehem . The third existence of God is the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the spirit of truth, love, life and power. He is co-existent, co-eternal, and co-equal with God and Jesus. The Holy Spirit is sent by God through Jesus to reprove the world of sin and prepare the church for Christ’s return. Jesus said before he ascends into Heaven that he will send the Comforter and Counselor. The Holy Spirit enters our hearts when we think about a truth. He is the spirit of God and his role is to guide us to on the path to God. God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit together are called the Trinity. The Trinity describes the three-in-one unity of three person joined by the closest ties of love and common purpose to appear as one. The role of the father is sovereign king and eternal lover of our souls. The role of the son or Jesus is the savior and teacher. The role of the Holy Spirit is the empowerer and evangelist. All these roles combined equal a mystical element that describes the Trinity or another name is Godhead. To understand the Trinity, God is the sun that shines while Jesus is the rays of the sun and the Holy Spirit is the warmth that is felt from the sun. All personalities are equal and combined together called the Trinity. The role and purpose of the Church is to create a community of people who believe in the same faith of God. The Church is a foundation of the faith in God. The Church allowed people to unite on common grounds and follow the words of God. The place of worship made people feel accountable because they were in it together. The Church raised the importance of prayer and spirituality because that is how one communicates to God. The Church emphasizes fellowship, dedication to the faith, selflessness. The Church gives power to the Christian people because they are a group and not individuals anymore. One of the most important events in church history includes the Council of Nicea. The First Council of Nicea happened in 325 and involved the first gathering of Christian bishops and the Roman Empire not as enemies but as allies. The bishops wanted to solve the dispute over Arianism. Arianism is the belief that Christ was more than human but something less than God. Arianism taught the people that Jesus was created being subordinate to God while the bishops believed Jesus was fully divine and fully human at the same time. The Emperor Constantine summoned the Council of Nicea in order to agree on a universally accepted definition of Jesus Christ. As it turned out, the gathering did not settle the disagreement between the Arianist and the bishops for another century they battled for supremacy. It wasn’t until the Council at Chalcedon in today’s Turkey that the church fathers concluded that Jesus was completely and fully God. They decided that this â€Å"this total man and this total God was one completely normal person† (1990, Shelley, p. 11). Jesus unites two personality and characters of human and divine into one person. The Council of Chalcedon established an agreement of who Jesus is. â€Å"Jesus was a normal being, bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh, he could fulfill every demand of God’s moral law, and he could suffer and die a real death† (1990, Shelley, p. 11). On the other hand, since he is also God, Jesus’s death on the cross was capable of fulfilling Godly righteousness. The Council of Chalcedon was possible as a result of the first Council of Nicea. The Council of Nivea paved the way for the orthodox or conventional understanding of Jesus Christ. The Reformation began after Johann Guttenberg invented printing from movable type. His new process sparked a revolution in society and in the church because books were produced in large numbers and at lower prices. Literacy and education spread as more Bibles were printed, as more people became readers and as readers demanded more books. As a result, not only did scholars and monks have access to a Bible, the common people did as well. In the Church, Gutenberg’s invention made the Reformation possible because the Reformation was in some ways a battle of books and pointing out errors in someone else. The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. Martin Luther was a former monk who demanded for radical changes in the corrupted church. He was against the church who granted forgiveness called indulgences in return for monetary sacrifices from the people. Luther believed baptism is the only indulgence necessary for salvation and trusting in God alone will save oneself. He basically said indulgences do not remove guilt, Pope could not God, and the Pope could only ask for his own forgiveness. Luther eventually attacked the church with his Ninety-Five Theses that described all the wrong doings of the church. Luther represented Christian freedom and the courage to â€Å"honor no power other than the power of the Word of God† (1990, Gritsch, p. 37). Luther was the catalyst that bought on a chain reaction of events that tore Western Europe away from the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformation shattered the long-established unity of Western Europe and spread into smaller and reformed religious groups. The Reformation marked the recruitment of Protestantism such as Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, and Anabaptist to name a few. If not for the Reformation, people today would all be Roman Catholic who is ruled by the Pope and there would not be denominations in the Church. There would not be a Bible present in schools or homes and scripture would not be taught. The Reformation basically spitted the Church and its impact was drastic in the Christian Tradition. John and Charles Wesley were two ordained ministers whose conversion to the faith has made a great impact of Christianity. John and Charles Wesley were  brothers who lived by good works and not by faith in Jesus until they converted. John experienced a personal conversion within himself after his trip from Georgia when he felt his heart warmed. Charles experienced Pentocost on May 21, 1738 and documented his experience in his journal that the Spirit of God â€Å"chased away the darkness of my disbelief† (1990, Green, p. 44). Charles wrote six to seven-thousand hymns and preached over 40,000 sermons to lay people such as coal miners and commissioners. The Wesley brother’s lives continued to affect the church such as the Methodist denominations that was still comprised of Wesley’s teachings. Their teachings emphasized upon preaching, benefit of small prayer groups that called attention to accountability and community, and the concern for the poor and oppressed people. John and Charles highlighted the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer and the church. They stressed the importance of literature and education in the common man and even formed many colleges and seminaries. One great example is the Eastern Nazarene College which is a Wesleyan educational school. Overall, the course effectively taught me the key elements in Biblical events and Church history. In addition to learning about the Christian faith and what God has to offer to me, I was introduced to the most important major events in church history that made an impact on Christianity today from Luther’s Ninety-Five Thesis that sparked the Revolution to John and Charles Wesley’s conversion. The course emphasized the impact of these events and how it has shaped Christianity to become what it is today. I did not have prior knowledge about Christianity but I learned more than I expected to gain from the course. Reference Green, R.J. (1990). John & Charles Wesley Experience Conversions. Christian History, 28, 11. Gritsch, E.W. (1990). Luther Posts the 95 Theses. Christian History, 28, 35-37Shelley, B.L. (1990). The First Council of Nicea. Christian History, 28, 11.

Literary Warnings - 1480 Words

Literary Warnings Throughout history, authors have utilized their works of literary art to entertain and also to inform. Some texts have no merit as a form of instruction, but those usually do not last the test to time. Of the literary works that have survived through the years, the vast majority of them have a lesson to teach the reader which warns them against a certain set of behaviors which may serve as a hindrance to them either in their life or in the afterlife. Characters in works of literature can function either as ideal examples of how a person should behave, or they can function as counterexamples wherein the reader is encouraged absolutely not to emulate their behaviors. Each story provides a unique lesson and an expectation from the author that the reader will understand what it is that they are trying to teach. This is certainly true for the likes of authors such as the Beowulf author, Geoffrey Chaucer, and John Milton in their most famous literary works. Beowulf tells the story of a warrior who goes to serve another country and to fight their monster Grendel. In the epic poem Beowulf, the hero is one born to wealth and raised to wealth. This position, rather than making him weak, has allowed Beowulf to become respected in his community as a man of generosity and, because of his skills as a warrior, immense courage. To this extent, the reader sees Beowulf engaging in acts of bravery and of generosity towards his fellow men. In the prologue, in discussingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1603 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary devices are techniques often used by authors to portray in-depth analyses of major characters, storylines, and central themes, which take place in a story. These analyses help readers understand a message the author is trying to convey. 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In many situations she finds herself in, we see the contrast between what she was taught in the real world

Why Does Society Allow Groups Of People To Think That They

Why does society allow groups of people to think that they are superior rather than equals? For hundreds and thousands of years, people have been fighting others for land and treated people wrongly because they feel entitled. Where does this sense of entitlement in humans come from? By examining the way blacks treated whites and how Andrew Carnegie treated his employees makes one wonder if they had a conscious. To have the ability to treat people so harshly, it makes one question everything. Andrew Carnegie may not have been a white supremacist; however, he treated his employees equally as awful as whites did to blacks during the 1800’s and the true blame for this was society as a whole. Specifically after the Civil War, there was a lot†¦show more content†¦This was just another form of slavery. Blacks would get a plot of land and they could keep half of their earning if they had tools and seeds but only one third if they did not. White supremacists believed that bl acks were inferior and were not true Americans. The Freedman’s Beaurue was part of President. Johnson’s Reconstruction policy. He believed that the wealthy white supremacists should run their own affairs. With white southerners now running the state governments there was no protection for black rights. The black codes that each state established stated that former slaves could not own guns. However, the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 contradicts black codes. It enraged the Freedman s Bearueu, because former slaves could still not vote. The Fourteenth Amendment clearly states that former slaves are citizens. 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